“You didn't recognize the Quran as created”: Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

Abstract

The article includes a Russian translation of the chapter devoted to Ahmad ibn Hanbal from Farid al-Din ʻAṭṭār's Memorial of God's Friends. Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855), celebrated Muslim theologian, jurist and traditionist, is a founder and eponym of Hanbali school. In this hagiography ʻAṭṭār presents him as an active proponent of the dogma of the eternal essence of the Quran — Ahmad ibn Hanbal preferred tortures and martyrdom rather than rejecting his beliefs.